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Karata ya dino No. 0550 mo go 2 027

Dunkleosteus

Leina le raya: “Dunkle's bone”1

E jele: NamaDitumi tsa bogologoloPaleozoic, pele ga dinosoroGa se dinosoro, mme ke setumi sa bogologolo

Dunkleosteus was a giant armoured fish that swam in the oceans about 382 to 358 million years ago. It had thick bone plates on its head and front body, and it was one of the first big predators in the sea. It wasn't a dinosaur, but it was super scary!1

Eno ga se dinosoro, mme ke nngwe ya diphologolo tse di tumileng thata tsa bogologolo, ka jalo le yona e bona lefelo mo Dino Wiki.

E tshetse

dimilione tsa dingwaga di le 388 go ya go 359 tse di fetileng2

Paleozoic, pele ga dinosoro

Difosili di fitlhetswe kwa

Fossils have been found in the United States (including Ohio, California, and Michigan), Canada (Ontario), and Latvia.1 2

Boleele

4.1 go ya go 10 m (13 go ya go 33 ft)1

Bokete

ditone di le 1 go ya go ditone di le 4 (2,200 go ya go 8,800 lb)1

Bonako jo bogolo

e ka nna 25 km/h (16 mph)

Go thuma, kakanyo

E tshetse leng?

Pele ga dinosoro

Paka ya dinosoro

Paka ya diphologolo tse di anyisang

dimilione tsa dingwaga di le 400 tse di fetileng25266gompieno

E ne e le kgolo go le kae?

E ne e le telele go le kae?

E ne e le bokete go le kae?

bokete jaaka dikoloi di le 2.5

telele jaaka dikoloi di le 2 di emisitswe mo molengtelele jaaka dibanana di le 56 di latelanabokete jaaka dintšwa di le 200bokete jaaka magapu a le 800bokete jaaka diphaposiborutelo tse di tletseng bana di le 5bokete jaaka dibere tse ditshweu di le 9e ne e ka thuma boleele jwa letamo le legolo la go thuma (50 m) mo metsotswaneng e le 7.2

Dunkleosteus e ne e le kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sebatling sa gago. Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E ne e le bonako go le kae?

Motho yo o tsamayang e ka nna 5 km/h (3 mph)

Ngwana mo baesekeleng e ka nna 12 km/h (7 mph)

Dunkleosteus e ka nna 25 km/h (16 mph)

Pitse e e sianang ka bonako e ka nna 65 km/h (40 mph)

Lengau e ka nna 100 km/h (62 mph)

dilo tse di monate

Dintlha tse di monate

Dunkleosteus had a four-bar linkage in its skull that let it open its jaws in just 20 milliseconds, as fast as a blink!1

Its bite force was estimated at up to 7,495 newtons (about 1,685 pounds), which is among the highest of any fish ever.1

Instead of teeth, Dunkleosteus had sharp, blade-like bony plates in its jaws that could cut through armoured prey.1

Fossils of Dunkleosteus are often found with boluses of fish bones, which are the undigested remains of its last meals.1

The armour plates on its head and front body were up to 7.6 cm (3 inches) thick in some places, but thinner elsewhere.1

Dunkleosteus might have been a fast swimmer, not slow as once thought, because it could catch fast fish like Orodus.1

Setshwantsho sa Dunkleosteus se se dirilweng ke AI — Setshwantsho se se dirilweng ke AI sa kafa Dunkleosteus e ka tswang e ne e lebega ka gone, se dirilwe ke khomputara go ya ka se borasaense ba se itseng. Ke kakanyo fela: phologolo ya nnete e ka tswa e ne e lebega ka tsela e sele, mme ga go ope yo o itseng mebala ya yona ya nnete.

o botsitse

Dipotso tse di botswang thata ka ga Dunkleosteus

?How big was Dunkleosteus?

The largest known species, Dunkleosteus terrelli, was probably about 3.4 metres (11 feet) long for typical adults, and up to 4.1 metres (13 feet) for exceptionally large individuals. Some older estimates were much bigger, but recent studies suggest these smaller sizes.1

?Did Dunkleosteus have teeth?

No, instead of teeth it had sharp, blade-like bony plates in its jaws that could cut through armoured prey. These blades even sharpened themselves as the fish opened and closed its mouth.1 3

?What did Dunkleosteus eat?

It ate armoured prey like ammonites and other placoderms, and could even catch fast-swimming fish like Orodus. Fossils show it sometimes regurgitated bones from its last meal.1

?How fast could Dunkleosteus open its mouth?

It could open its jaws in just 20 milliseconds and complete a feeding snap in 50 to 60 milliseconds, which is as fast as a blink. This helped it catch fast prey.4

?Was Dunkleosteus a dinosaur?

No, it was a giant armoured fish that lived in the oceans during the Devonian Period, long before dinosaurs existed. It belonged to a group called placoderms.1

?How strong was Dunkleosteus' bite?

Its bite force was estimated at up to 7,495 newtons, which is among the highest of any fish ever. That is strong enough to puncture armour.1 4

?Where have Dunkleosteus fossils been found?

Fossils have been found in the United States, Canada, Poland, Belgium, Morocco, and Russia. The largest collection is at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in Ohio.1

?When did Dunkleosteus live?

It lived during the Late Devonian Period, about 382 to 358 million years ago. That is before the first dinosaurs appeared.1

?Could Dunkleosteus swim fast?

Yes, it might have been a fast swimmer, not slow as once thought. It could catch fast-swimming fish like Orodus, which suggests it was quick.1

?Why did Dunkleosteus have armour?

Its thick bone plates on the head and front body protected it from other predators and helped it hunt armoured prey. The plates were up to 7.6 cm (3 inches) thick in some places.1

Mothubi wa ditlhamane

Tlhamane: Dunkleosteus was a dinosaur.

Boammaaruri: Dunkleosteus was not a dinosaur. It was a fish, specifically an arthrodire placoderm, and it lived long before the first dinosaurs.1

Ya baitseanape ba didino

Leina la saense: Dunkleosteus
Leina le neilwe ke: Newberry 18745
Setlhopha: Ditumi tsa bogologolo
Lelapa / clade: Dunkleosteidae5
Thulaganyo: Placodermi > Phlyctaeniiformes > Dunkleosteidae5
Bogolo jwa matlapa: 388 go ya go 359 dimilione tsa dingwaga (Givetian / Famennian)5
Dibopego tsa matlapa: Ohio Shale, Lost Burro, Tērvete5
Dinaga: Amerika, Latvia, Khanata5
Direkoto tsa difosili: 7 mo The Paleobiology Database5
Go fitlhelwa: The first fossils were found in 1867 by Jay Terrell, an amateur paleontologist, near Lake Erie in Ohio, USA. The species was named Dunkleosteus terrelli in 1956, honouring both David Dunkle and Jay Terrell.1
Go sa ntse go ganetsanwa: Scientists still debate how Dunkleosteus fed. Some think it used suction to gulp prey, but a 2025 study suggests it actively bit and tore prey, and its bite force estimates might need to be revised.1

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

Dunkleosteus (en.wikipedia.org)
PBDB Taxon (paleobiodb.org)
Meet Dunk: Ohio’s Ancient Apex Predator (cmnh.org)
Feeding mechanics and bite force modelling of the skull of Dunkleosteus terrelli , an ancient apex predator (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Dunkleosteus in The Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0): dingwaga, mafelo, dibopego tsa matlapa, thulaganyo.

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