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Ikhadi ledayinaso No. 1854 kwe-2 027

Ugrunaaluk

Igama lithetha: “ancient grazer”1

Yayitya: IzityaloImilomo-dadaiCretaceous yamva

Ugrunaaluk was a duck-billed dinosaur that lived in the ancient Arctic, where it was cold and dark for part of the year. It had a long, flat beak and hundreds of teeth for chewing tough plants. This dinosaur is special because it shows that some dinosaurs could survive in polar regions.5 1

Yaphila

72 ukuya ku-66 izigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo5

iCretaceous yamva

Iifosili zifunyenwe:

Liscomb Quarry, Prince Creek Formation, northern Alaska, USA5 1

Ubude

9 ukuya ku-12 m (30 ukuya ku-39 ft)2 3

Ubunzima

4 iitoni ukuya ku-5.6 iitoni (8,800 ukuya ku-12,300 lb)2 3

Ukuphakama

3.9 m (13 ft)

uqikelelo

Esona santya siphezulu

malunga ne-21 km/h (13 mph)

Ukubaleka, uqikelelo

Yaphila nini?

iTriassic

iJurassic

iCretaceous

Izigidi ezingama-252 zeminyaka eyadlulayo20114566, i-asteroyidi

Yayinkulu kangakanani?

Yayinde kangakanani?

Yayiphakame kangakanani?

uqikelelo

Yayinzima kangakanani?

inzima njengeemoto ezingama-4

inde njengeemoto ezingama-2.5 zipakwe zilandelelanainde njengeebhanana ezingama-67 zilandelelanamalunga nobunzima bendlovuinzima njengamavatala angama-1100inzima njengamagumbi okufundela apheleleyo abantwana angama-7inzima njengeebhere ezimhlophe ezingama-12ibinokubaleka iimitha ezili-100 ngemizuzwana engama-17 (oyena mntu ukhawulezayo udinga i-9,6)

Ugrunaaluk wayemkhulu kangakanani xa ethelekiswa NAWE?

Yimathematika nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwe naphi na.

Yayikhawuleza kangakanani?

Umntu ohambayo malunga ne-5 km/h (3 mph)

Umntwana ekhwele ibhayisikile malunga ne-12 km/h (7 mph)

Ugrunaaluk malunga ne-21 km/h (13 mph)

Ihashe elibaleka ngamandla malunga ne-65 km/h (40 mph)

Ingwenkala malunga ne-100 km/h (62 mph)

izinto ezimnandi

Iinyani ezimnandi

Ugrunaaluk lived in the Arctic about 69 million years ago, when the climate was much cooler than today, with average temperatures around 5 to 6°C.1

Most of the Ugrunaaluk fossils found are from young animals, not fully grown adults. Scientists think a whole herd of juveniles may have died together in a flood.1

Its name comes from the Iñupiaq language of Alaska. Ugruŋnaq means a grazing animal with grinding teeth, and -aluk means old, so Ugrunaaluk is 'ancient grazer'.1

Ugrunaaluk was a close relative of Edmontosaurus, but scientists found enough differences in its skull bones to give it its own name.1

The Liscomb bonebed where Ugrunaaluk was found has thousands of bones, mostly from this dinosaur, along with a few teeth from tyrannosaurs and other small dinosaurs.1

During the time of Ugrunaaluk, the Arctic had polar woodlands with flowering plants in the understory, and the days were dark for months in winter.1

Umfanekiso owenziwe yi-AI: Ugrunaaluk — Umfanekiso owenziwe yi-AI obonisa indlela Ugrunaaluk esenokuba wayekhangeleka ngayo, wenziwe yikhompyutha ngokwento eyaziwa zizazinzulu. Kukuqikelela nje: esona silwanyana sinokuba sasikhangeleka ngenye indlela, kwaye akukho mntu waziyo imibala yaso yokwenyani.

ubuzile

Eyona mibuzo ibuzwa kakhulu: Ugrunaaluk

?How big was Ugrunaaluk?

Ugrunaaluk was about 7.6 to 9.1 meters (25 to 30 feet) long and stood about 1.8 to 2.1 meters (6 to 7 feet) tall at the hip.4

?What did Ugrunaaluk eat?

It was a plant-eater, with a flat beak and hundreds of teeth for chewing tough plants. Its jaw had at least 1,000 teeth with coarse surfaces perfect for pulverizing plants.4

?Did Ugrunaaluk live in the Arctic?

Yes, Ugrunaaluk lived in the ancient Arctic, above the Arctic Circle, about 69 million years ago. It endured cold and dark winters, with average temperatures around 5 to 6°C.4 1

?Was Ugrunaaluk a duck-billed dinosaur?

Yes, Ugrunaaluk belonged to the hadrosaur group of duck-billed dinosaurs. It had a long, flat beak and hundreds of teeth for chewing plants.4

?Why is Ugrunaaluk special?

Ugrunaaluk is special because it shows that some dinosaurs could survive in polar regions. It lived above the Arctic Circle, enduring months of darkness and cold.4

?How many teeth did Ugrunaaluk have?

Ugrunaaluk had at least 1,000 teeth in its jaw, with coarse surfaces perfect for pulverizing plants.4

?When did Ugrunaaluk live?

Ugrunaaluk lived about 69 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous period, in the ancient Arctic.4

?Is Ugrunaaluk related to Edmontosaurus?

Yes, Ugrunaaluk is closely related to Edmontosaurus, but scientists found enough differences in its skull bones to give it its own name.1

?Where was Ugrunaaluk found?

Ugrunaaluk fossils were found in the Liscomb bonebed in the Prince Creek Formation of northern Alaska, along the Colville River.1

Inyaniso ngeentsomi

Intsomi: Ugrunaaluk is just a young Edmontosaurus and not a real separate dinosaur.

Inyaniso: Scientists showed that Ugrunaaluk has unique skull features that make it a distinct species, even when accounting for age differences.1

Kwiingcali zeedayinaso

Igama lenzululwazi: Ugrunaaluk
Inikwe igama ngu:: Mori et al. 20165
Iqela: Imilomo-dada
Usapho / iclade: Hadrosauridae5
Ukuhlelwa: Ornithischia > Ornithopoda > Iguanodontia > Hadrosauridae5
Ubudala bamatye: 72 ukuya ku-66 izigidi zeminyaka (Maastrichtian)5
Izakhiwo zamatye: Prince Creek5
Amazwe: iUSA5
Iirekhodi zeefosili: 1 kwi-Paleobiology Database5
Ukufunyanwa: Ugrunaaluk was named in 2016 by Hirotsugu Mori, Patrick Druckenmiller, and Gregory Erickson. The fossils were found in the Liscomb bonebed along the Colville River in northern Alaska.5 1
Kusaxoxwa ngayo: Scientists are not sure exactly how big adult Ugrunaaluk grew, because almost all the fossils are from juveniles.1

Apho iinyani zivela khona

Formation (lower Maastrichtian) of northern Alaska (app.pan.pl)
Edmontosaurus (en.wikipedia.org)
Edmontosaurus regalis (en.wikipedia.org)
New Dinosaur Species Probably Endured Snow and Darkness for Months on End | NOVA | PBS (pbs.org)
Ugrunaaluk in The Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0): ubudala, iindawo, izakhiwo zamatye, ukuhlelwa.

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