恐龍卡第 0331 張，共 2 027 張

Calvarius

名字的意思： “The name comes from the Serrat del Calvari hill and the Catalan word 'calvari' meaning 'suffering', referring to its closeness to the extinction event.”1

吃：植物有喙的草食恐龍白堊紀晚期

Calvarius was a small, speedy plant-eating dinosaur that lived near the very end of the Age of Dinosaurs. It was one of the last dinosaurs to walk on Earth before the big asteroid hit.2

生存年代

72 到 66 百萬年前3

白堊紀晚期

化石發現地

Masia de Ramón site, near Figuerola d'Orcau in Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain1 2

長度

最多 2 m (6.6 ft)2

高度

0.64 m (2.1 ft)

估計值

最高速度

時速約 41 公里（25 英里）

跑步, 估計值

牠生活在什麼時候？

三疊紀

侏羅紀

白堊紀

2 億 5200 萬年前20114566，小行星撞地球

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多高？

估計值

跟 4 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 11 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長能在 8.8 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類要 9.6 秒）

Calvarius 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡算算數學。什麼都不會被儲存或傳送出去。

牠有多快？

走路的人 時速約 5 公里 (3 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 時速約 12 公里 (7 mph)

Calvarius 時速約 41 公里 (25 mph)

一匹飛奔的馬 時速約 65 公里 (40 mph)

一隻獵豹 時速約 100 公里 (62 mph)

酷東西

趣味知識

Calvarius is known from just one foot bone, a left metatarsal IV, which was about 15 centimeters long.2

It was probably a fast runner. Its long foot bone and light build suggest it could sprint quickly, unlike most other styracostern dinosaurs.1

Calvarius lived on a large island called Ibero-Armorica, which is now northern Spain and southern France. On islands, animals sometimes evolve to be smaller because food is limited.2

It was one of the last dinosaurs ever. Its fossils were found just 25 meters below the layer that marks the asteroid impact that killed the non-bird dinosaurs.1

The fossil was discovered in 2019 by paleontologists from the Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont and the Museu de la Conca Dellà.2

Calvarius is the smallest known styracostern dinosaur. Some of its relatives grew over 10 meters long, but Calvarius was less than 2 meters.2

Calvarius 的 AI 繪圖 — 這是電腦根據科學家目前的知識，用 AI 畫出 Calvarius 可能的樣子。這只是猜測：真正的動物可能長得不一樣，也沒有人知道牠真正的顏色。

你們都在問

關於 Calvarius 最常被問的問題

?How big was Calvarius?

Calvarius was no more than 2 metres (6.6 feet) long, making it one of the smallest known styracostern dinosaurs.2

?What did Calvarius eat?

Calvarius was a plant-eater. It was an ornithopod, a group of herbivorous dinosaurs.2

?When did Calvarius live?

Calvarius lived about 66 million years ago, right at the end of the Cretaceous period. It was one of the last dinosaurs before the asteroid hit.2

給恐龍專家

學名: Calvarius
命名者: Prieto-Márquez and Sellés 20233
類群: 有喙的草食恐龍
科 / 演化支: Styracosterna3
分類: Ornithischia > Ornithopoda > Iguanodontia3
岩石的年代: 72 到 66 百萬年 (Maastrichtian)3
岩層: Talarn3
國家: 西班牙3
化石紀錄: The Paleobiology Database 收錄 1 筆3
發現: The fossil was found in 2019 at the Masia de Ramón site in Spain by a team from the MCD and ICP. Albert Prieto-Márquez and Albert Sellés named it Calvarius rapidus in 2023.2 3
仍有爭議: Scientists are not sure exactly how big Calvarius was because only one foot bone has been found. They estimate it was less than 2 meters long, but it could have been different.2