恐龍卡第 2006 張，共 2 027 張

Zavacephale

名字的意思： “origin head”1

吃：植物腫頭龍類白堊紀早期

Zavacephale was a small, dome-headed dinosaur that lived in what is now Mongolia. It had a thick, rounded skull like a helmet, and it probably used it for head-butting contests. It is one of the oldest and most complete dome-headed dinosaurs ever found.1 2

生存年代

120 到 100 百萬年前5

白堊紀早期

化石發現地

Khuren Dukh Formation, Dundgobi Province, Mongolia1 5

長度

1 m (3.3 ft)1

體重

5.85 kg (13 lb)1

最高速度

時速約 29 公里（18 英里）

跑步, 估計值

牠生活在什麼時候？

三疊紀

侏羅紀

白堊紀

2 億 5200 萬年前20114566，小行星撞地球

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 1.5 隻家貓一樣重

跟 2 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 6 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長大約跟一隻家貓一樣重跟 49 根香蕉一樣重能在 12 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類要 9.6 秒）

Zavacephale 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡算算數學。什麼都不會被儲存或傳送出去。

牠有多快？

走路的人 時速約 5 公里 (3 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 時速約 12 公里 (7 mph)

Zavacephale 時速約 29 公里 (18 mph)

一匹飛奔的馬 時速約 65 公里 (40 mph)

一隻獵豹 時速約 100 公里 (62 mph)

酷東西

趣味知識

Zavacephale is the oldest known dome-headed dinosaur, living about 119 to 100 million years ago during the Early Cretaceous.1 2

Its skeleton is about 54% complete, making it the most complete pachycephalosaur ever found.1

It is the first pachycephalosaur to preserve hand bones and a mass of gastroliths (stomach stones).1 2

Unlike later dome-heads, Zavacephale's dome was made mostly of the frontal bone, with little help from the parietal bone.1

The tail of Zavacephale was covered in stiff tendons, but they did not form the 'caudal basket' seen in later pachycephalosaurs.1

The dome grew early in life, before the animal reached full size, which suggests it was important for social displays or head-butting even in young animals.2

Zavacephale 的 AI 繪圖 — 這是電腦根據科學家目前的知識，用 AI 畫出 Zavacephale 可能的樣子。這只是猜測：真正的動物可能長得不一樣，也沒有人知道牠真正的顏色。

你們都在問

關於 Zavacephale 最常被問的問題

?How big was Zavacephale?

About 1 metre long and weighed around 5.85 kilograms. That is about the size of a large domestic cat.1 3

?What did Zavacephale eat?

It was a plant-eater. It swallowed small stones called gastroliths to help grind up tough plants in its stomach.4 2

?Did Zavacephale have feathers?

The fossils don't show feathers, so scientists aren't sure. No feathers have been found on any pachycephalosaur.1

?Why did Zavacephale have a dome?

It probably used its thick, bony dome for head-butting contests with rivals, like rams do. The dome may also have been used for display to attract mates.4

?When did Zavacephale live?

It lived about 119 to 100 million years ago, during the Early Cretaceous Period. That makes it the oldest known dome-headed dinosaur.1

?Where was Zavacephale found?

Its fossil was discovered in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia, in the Khuren Dukh Formation.1 3

迷思破解王

迷思： Some people think all dome-headed dinosaurs used their domes for ramming each other like bighorn sheep.

真相： Scientists are not sure. Zavacephale's dome was well developed even in a young animal, so it might have been for showing off or fighting, but the exact use is still debated.2

給恐龍專家

學名: Zavacephale
命名者: Chinzorig et al. 20255
類群: 腫頭龍類
科 / 演化支: Pachycephalosauria5
分類: Ornithischia > Pachycephalosauria5
岩石的年代: 120 到 100 百萬年 (Aptian / Albian)5
岩層: Khuren Dukh5
國家: 蒙古5
化石紀錄: The Paleobiology Database 收錄 1 筆5
發現: The fossil was found in 2019 in the Khuren Dukh Formation of Mongolia, and it was formally named by Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig and colleagues in 2025.1 2
仍有爭議: Scientists are still debating how the dome was used, whether for head-butting, display, or something else.2