Limusaurus
Limusaurus was a small, beaked dinosaur that lived in what is now China about 155 million years ago. Unlike most meat-eating dinosaurs, it ate plants! Its strange hand helped scientists solve a puzzle about how bird wings evolved.1
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Limusaurus was a ceratosaur, the first one ever found in Asia.1
It had a very small thumb, or first digit, while the other two fingers were normal. This is a rare condition in dinosaurs.1
Its hand showed a mix of features: the wrist bones were like the second, third and fourth digits, but the finger bones were like the first, second and third.1
Limusaurus lived during the Oxfordian stage, about 161 to 155 million years ago.2
It is the only Jurassic theropod known to have a beak and a plant-based diet.1
The discovery of Limusaurus helped scientists understand how the three-fingered hand of theropods could turn into the two-fingered hand of birds.1

Mituna oyo batunaka mingi na ntina na Limusaurus
?What did Limusaurus eat?
It ate plants. Adults had a beak and no teeth, and they also had gastroliths (stomach stones) to help grind up plant food. Juveniles had teeth, so they may have eaten a mix of plants and small animals.5
?How big was Limusaurus?
About 1.7 metres long and weighed around 15 kilograms. That is about as long as a small car is tall, but much lighter.5
?Did Limusaurus have feathers?
Nobody knows for sure. It may have had feathers, but no direct evidence of feathers has been found on its fossils.5
?Why is Limusaurus important?
Its strange hand helped scientists solve a puzzle about how bird wings evolved. It showed a mix of wrist and finger features that explain how the three-fingered hand of theropods turned into the bird wing.16
?Is Limusaurus a dinosaur?
Yes, it is a dinosaur. It is a theropod dinosaur, which is the same group that includes birds.5
?When did Limusaurus live?
It lived during the Late Jurassic period, about 161 to 155 million years ago.5
Mobuki masapo
Lisapo: Because it is a theropod, Limusaurus must have been a meat-eater.
Solo: Limusaurus was actually a plant-eater, with a beak and no sharp teeth for hunting. It is one of the few herbivorous theropods known.1
Mpo na bayebi ya badino
- Nkombo ya siansi
- Limusaurus
- Nkombo epesamaki na
- Xu et al. 20097
- Lisanga
- Badino ya kolia mosuni
- Libota / klade
- Noasauridae7
- Klasifikasio
- Theropoda > Ceratosauria7
- Mbula ya mabanga
- mbula milio 162 kino 155 (Oxfordian)7
- Milongo ya mabanga
- Shishugou7
- Bikolo
- Sina7
- Bafosile oyo ekomami
- 3 na The Paleobiology Database7
- Ntango bamonaki yango
- Limusaurus was named and described in 2009 by a team led by paleontologist Xing Xu. Fossils were found in the Junggar Basin of western China.12
- Naino bazali kowelana
- Scientists still debate exactly which digits of the hand were lost during theropod evolution, and Limusaurus shows a confusing mix of features that makes this question tricky.1
Esika makambo euti
- A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies | Nature (nature.com)
- PBDB Taxon (paleobiodb.org)
- Limusaurus (en.wikipedia.org)
- A Jurassic ceratosaurian theropod with implications for homologies in the avian hand (ivpp.cas.cn)
- Limusaurus (Wikipedia) (Wikipedia)
- Beaked, Bird-like Dinosaur Tells Story of Finger Evolution | NSF - National Science Foundation (nsf.gov)
- Limusaurus in The Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0): mbula, bisika, milongo ya mabanga, klasifikasio.
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