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Spicomellus

Nkombo elingi koloba: “spiked collar”1

Alyaki: MilonaBadino na ebateliJurasiki ya katikati

Spicomellus was an armoured dinosaur that walked on four legs and had a bulky body covered in spikes. It lived in Africa during the Middle Jurassic, about 167 to 163 million years ago, and was one of the earliest armoured dinosaurs ever found.1

Azalaki na bomoi

mbula milio 168 kino 162 eleki6

Jurasiki ya katikati

Bafosile emonanaki na

Morocco, in the El Mers III Formation of the Middle Atlas Mountains1 6

Bolai

3 kino 4 m (9,8 kino 13 ft)1

Bozito

907 kg kino 1,814 tone (2 000 kino 4 000 lb)4

Bolai na likolo

1,2 m (3,9 ft)

kokanisa

Mbangu ya likolo

pene na 17 km/h (11 mph)

Kopota mbangu, kokanisa

Azalaki na bomoi ntango nini?

Triasiki

Jurasiki

Kretase

Mbula milio 252 eleki20114566, asteroide

Azalaki monene boni?

Azalaki molai boni?

Azalaki molai boni na likolo?

kokanisa

Azalaki kilo boni?

kilo lokola bamotuka 1

molai lokola bambwa 4 zolo kino mokilamolai lokola matoko 22 oyo balandanikilo lokola bambwa 91kilo lokola bapasteke 360kilo lokola bana 95 ya eteyelo ya bana mikekilo lokola bana 57 ya kelasikilo lokola ba-urs ya pembe 4akokaki kopota metele 100 na sekonde 21 (moto oyo aleki mbangu asalelaka 9,6)

Spicomellus azalaki monene boni soki tokokanisi na YO?

Kaka matematiki na navigatere na yo. Eloko moko te ebombami to etindami esika moko.

Azalaki na mbangu boni?

Moto oyo azali kotambola pene na 5 km/h (3 mph)

Mwana na velo pene na 12 km/h (7 mph)

Spicomellus pene na 17 km/h (11 mph)

Mpunda oyo azali kopota mbangu pene na 65 km/h (40 mph)

Nkoi ya mbangu pene na 100 km/h (62 mph)

makambo ya kitoko

Makambo ya kosepelisa

Spicomellus is the first and only ankylosaur ever found in Africa, and it is also the oldest ankylosaur known to science.1

Unlike most armoured dinosaurs, Spicomellus had spikes that fused directly to its rib bones. No other animal, living or extinct, has this feature.1 3

Its spikes were probably covered in keratin, the same substance that makes up your hair and fingernails, which would have made them even longer.1

Spicomellus had a bony 'handle' in its tail, a feature only seen in ankylosaurs that had a tail weapon. This suggests it had a spiked tail club, even though the weapon itself hasn't been found yet.1 2

Scientists used to think that tail weapons in ankylosaurs evolved only in the Cretaceous Period, but Spicomellus lived much earlier, in the Middle Jurassic. This shows that these features are older than expected.1 2

Spicomellus had a bony collar with metre-long spikes, which is why its name means 'spiked collar'.1

The spikes on its body may have been used for defence, but scientists think they were also used for display, to attract mates or compete with rivals.1 2

Elilingi ya Spicomellus esalemi na AI — Elilingi esalemi na AI oyo ezali kolakisa ndenge Spicomellus akokaki kozala. Ordinatere esalaki yango na makambo oyo bato ya siansi bayebi. Ezali kaka kokanisa: nyama ya solo akokaki kozala ndenge mosusu, mpe moto moko te ayebi balangi na ye ya solo.

otunaki

Mituna oyo batunaka mingi na ntina na Spicomellus

?How big was Spicomellus?

About 4 metres (13 feet) long, which is around the size of a small car.1

?What did Spicomellus eat?

It was an herbivore, meaning it ate plants.1

?Did Spicomellus have a tail club?

Scientists think so. It had a bony 'handle' in its tail that is only seen in ankylosaurs with a tail weapon, but the weapon itself has not been found yet.1 5

?Where did Spicomellus live?

It lived in what is now Morocco, Africa. Back then, the area was a wetland with lots of plants to eat.1

?When did Spicomellus live?

It lived during the Middle Jurassic Period, about 167 to 163 million years ago.1

?Was Spicomellus a dinosaur?

Yes, it was an armoured dinosaur called an ankylosaur.1

?How fast could Spicomellus run?

Nobody knows for sure. It walked on four legs and had a bulky body, so it probably moved slowly.1

Mobuki masapo

Lisapo: Some people think Spicomellus was a slow, simple plant-eater with no special tricks.

Solo: Actually, Spicomellus had unique armour and a possible tail weapon, and its spikes may have been used for showing off as well as protection.1 2

Mpo na bayebi ya badino

Nkombo ya siansi: Spicomellus
Nkombo epesamaki na: Maidment et al. 20216
Lisanga: Badino na ebateli
Libota / klade: Ankylosauria6
Klasifikasio: Ornithischia > Ankylosauria > Thyreophora6
Mbula ya mabanga: mbula milio 168 kino 162 (Bathonian / Callovian)6
Milongo ya mabanga: El Mers III6
Bikolo: Maroke6
Bafosile oyo ekomami: 1 na The Paleobiology Database6
Ntango bamonaki yango: Spicomellus was named by Maidment and colleagues in 2021, based on a partial skeleton from Morocco. The first fossil was a rib with spikes, and later more bones were found, including a bony collar.1 3
Naino bazali kowelana: Scientists are still debating exactly how Spicomellus is related to other ankylosaurs, and whether its tail weapon was a club or just spikes.2

Esika makambo euti

Spicomellus | Natural History Museum (nhm.ac.uk)
Extreme armour in the world’s oldest ankylosaur | Nature (nature.com)
Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur | Nature Ecology & Evolution (nature.com)
'Jaw-droppingly weird' dinosaur from Morocco was studded with spikes | Reuters (reuters.com)
Spicomellus (en.wikipedia.org)
Spicomellus in The Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0): mbula, bisika, milongo ya mabanga, klasifikasio.

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