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Carta da dino nr. 1698 da 2 027

Spicomellus

Il num vul dir: “spiked collar”1

Mangiava: PlantasDinos cun armaduraGiurassic mesaun

Spicomellus was an armoured dinosaur that walked on four legs and had a bulky body covered in spikes. It lived in Africa during the Middle Jurassic, about 167 to 163 million years ago, and was one of the earliest armoured dinosaurs ever found.1

Viveva

avant 168 fin 162 milliuns onns6

Giurassic mesaun

Fossils chattads en

Morocco, in the El Mers III Formation of the Middle Atlas Mountains1 6

Lunghezza

3 fin 4 m (9,8 fin 13 ft)1

Paisa

907 kg fin 1,814 tonnas (2 000 fin 4 000 lb)4

Autezza

1,2 m (3,9 ft)

stima

Spertadad maximala

var 17 km/h (11 mph)

Currer, stima

Cura viveva el?

Triassic

Giurassic

Cretacic

avant 252 milliuns onns20114566, l'asteroid

Quant grond era el?

Quant lung era el?

Quant aut era el?

stima

Quant grev era el?

uschè grev sco 1 autos

uschè lung sco 4 chauns dal nas a la cuauschè lung sco 22 bananas ina suenter l'autrauschè grev sco 91 chaunsuschè grev sco 360 melunasuschè grev sco 95 uffants da scolettauschè grev sco 57 scolarsuschè grev sco 4 urs polarspudess currer 100 meters en 21 secundas (il pli spert uman dovra 9,6)

Quant grond era Spicomellus cumpareglià cun TAI?

Mo matematica en tes navigatur. Nagut na vegn arcunà u tramess.

Quant spert era el?

Ina persuna che va a pe var 5 km/h (3 mph)

In uffant sin il velo var 12 km/h (7 mph)

Spicomellus var 17 km/h (11 mph)

In chaval che galoppescha var 65 km/h (40 mph)

In gepard var 100 km/h (62 mph)

chaussas cool

Fatgs divertents

Spicomellus is the first and only ankylosaur ever found in Africa, and it is also the oldest ankylosaur known to science.1

Unlike most armoured dinosaurs, Spicomellus had spikes that fused directly to its rib bones. No other animal, living or extinct, has this feature.1 3

Its spikes were probably covered in keratin, the same substance that makes up your hair and fingernails, which would have made them even longer.1

Spicomellus had a bony 'handle' in its tail, a feature only seen in ankylosaurs that had a tail weapon. This suggests it had a spiked tail club, even though the weapon itself hasn't been found yet.1 2

Scientists used to think that tail weapons in ankylosaurs evolved only in the Cretaceous Period, but Spicomellus lived much earlier, in the Middle Jurassic. This shows that these features are older than expected.1 2

Spicomellus had a bony collar with metre-long spikes, which is why its name means 'spiked collar'.1

The spikes on its body may have been used for defence, but scientists think they were also used for display, to attract mates or compete with rivals.1 2

Maletg da Spicomellus fatg cun IA — In maletg fatg cun IA che mussa co Spicomellus pudess avair guardà ora, fatg d'in computer tenor quai che la scienza sa. I sa tracta d'ina supposiziun: l'animal vair ha forsa guardà ora auter, e sias colurs vairas èn nunenconuschentas.

tias dumondas

Las dumondas las pli frequentas davart Spicomellus

?How big was Spicomellus?

About 4 metres (13 feet) long, which is around the size of a small car.1

?What did Spicomellus eat?

It was an herbivore, meaning it ate plants.1

?Did Spicomellus have a tail club?

Scientists think so. It had a bony 'handle' in its tail that is only seen in ankylosaurs with a tail weapon, but the weapon itself has not been found yet.1 5

?Where did Spicomellus live?

It lived in what is now Morocco, Africa. Back then, the area was a wetland with lots of plants to eat.1

?When did Spicomellus live?

It lived during the Middle Jurassic Period, about 167 to 163 million years ago.1

?Was Spicomellus a dinosaur?

Yes, it was an armoured dinosaur called an ankylosaur.1

?How fast could Spicomellus run?

Nobody knows for sure. It walked on four legs and had a bulky body, so it probably moved slowly.1

Chatschader da mitus

Mitus: Some people think Spicomellus was a slow, simple plant-eater with no special tricks.

Vardad: Actually, Spicomellus had unique armour and a possible tail weapon, and its spikes may have been used for showing off as well as protection.1 2

Per experts da dinos

Num scientific: Spicomellus
Numnà da: Maidment et al. 20216
Gruppa: Dinos cun armadura
Famiglia / clada: Ankylosauria6
Classificaziun: Ornithischia > Ankylosauria > Thyreophora6
Vegliadetgna da la crappa: 168 fin 162 milliuns onns (Bathonian / Callovian)6
Formaziuns da crap: El Mers III6
Pajais: Marocco6
Chats da fossils: 1 en The Paleobiology Database6
Scuverta: Spicomellus was named by Maidment and colleagues in 2021, based on a partial skeleton from Morocco. The first fossil was a rib with spikes, and later more bones were found, including a bony collar.1 3
Anc discutà: Scientists are still debating exactly how Spicomellus is related to other ankylosaurs, and whether its tail weapon was a club or just spikes.2

Danunder che vegnan ils fatgs

Spicomellus | Natural History Museum (nhm.ac.uk)
Extreme armour in the world’s oldest ankylosaur | Nature (nature.com)
Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur | Nature Ecology & Evolution (nature.com)
'Jaw-droppingly weird' dinosaur from Morocco was studded with spikes | Reuters (reuters.com)
Spicomellus (en.wikipedia.org)
Spicomellus in The Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0): vegliadetgna, lieus, formaziuns da crap, classificaziun.

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