Epachthosaurus

Epachthosaurus is one of the earliest titanosaurs with procoelous tail vertebrae, meaning the front of each bone was cup-shaped and the back was a ball, like a ball-and-socket joint.1

A nearly complete skeleton was found with its hind legs bent and its front legs stretched out wide, as if it had died lying on its side.1

This dinosaur had six vertebrae fused together in its hip area, which helped support its massive body.1

Epachthosaurus had special extra bumps on its back vertebrae that may have helped anchor strong muscles.1

Its foot had a unique toe bone formula: 2 to 2-3 to 2-0, meaning the innermost toe had two bones, the next two, the middle three, the fourth two, and the outermost toe had none.1

The skeleton was found in a layer of volcanic ash, which helped preserve it for millions of years.1