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Khathunu ya Spicomellus
Karata ya dino No. 1698 mo go 2 027

Spicomellus

Leina le raya: “spiked collar”1
E jele: DimelaDidino tse di nang le thebeBogare jwa Jurassic

Spicomellus was an armoured dinosaur that walked on four legs and had a bulky body covered in spikes. It lived in Africa during the Middle Jurassic, about 167 to 163 million years ago, and was one of the earliest armoured dinosaurs ever found.1

E tshetse
dimilione tsa dingwaga di le 168 go ya go 162 tse di fetileng6
Bogare jwa Jurassic
Difosili di fitlhetswe kwa
Morocco, in the El Mers III Formation of the Middle Atlas Mountains16
Boleele
3 go ya go 4 m (9.8 go ya go 13 ft)1
Bokete
907 kg go ya go ditone di le 1.814 (2,000 go ya go 4,000 lb)4
Bogodimo
1.2 m (3.9 ft)
kakanyo
Bonako jo bogolo
e ka nna 17 km/h (11 mph)
Go taboga, kakanyo

E tshetse leng?

Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
dimilione tsa dingwaga di le 252 tse di fetileng20114566, asteroiti

E ne e le kgolo go le kae?

E ne e le telele go le kae?

Spicomellus e ka nna 4 m boleele (13 ft)Baesekele ya motho yo mogolo e ka nna 1.8 m (5.9 ft)Koloi e ka nna 4.5 m (15 ft)Tlou, phologolo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng gompieno e ka nna 6.5 m (21 ft)

E ne e le kwa godimo go le kae?

Katse ya mo gaee ka nna 0.3 m (1 ft)Ntšwae ka nna 0.5 m (1.6 ft)Spicomelluse ka nna 1.2 m bogodimo (3.9 ft)Pitsee ka nna 1.6 m (5.2 ft)

kakanyo

E ne e le bokete go le kae?

bokete jaaka dikoloi di le 1
telele jaaka dintšwa di le 4 go tswa kwa nkong go ya kwa mogatlengtelele jaaka dibanana di le 22 di latelanabokete jaaka dintšwa di le 91bokete jaaka magapu a le 360bokete jaaka bana ba kreše ba le 95bokete jaaka bana ba sekolo ba le 57bokete jaaka dibere tse ditshweu di le 4e ne e ka taboga dimetara di le 100 mo metsotswaneng e le 21 (motho yo o bonako go gaisa o tlhoka 9,6)

Spicomellus e ne e le kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sebatling sa gago. Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E ne e le bonako go le kae?

dilo tse di monate

Dintlha tse di monate

1

Spicomellus is the first and only ankylosaur ever found in Africa, and it is also the oldest ankylosaur known to science.1

2

Unlike most armoured dinosaurs, Spicomellus had spikes that fused directly to its rib bones. No other animal, living or extinct, has this feature.13

3

Its spikes were probably covered in keratin, the same substance that makes up your hair and fingernails, which would have made them even longer.1

4

Spicomellus had a bony 'handle' in its tail, a feature only seen in ankylosaurs that had a tail weapon. This suggests it had a spiked tail club, even though the weapon itself hasn't been found yet.12

5

Scientists used to think that tail weapons in ankylosaurs evolved only in the Cretaceous Period, but Spicomellus lived much earlier, in the Middle Jurassic. This shows that these features are older than expected.12

6

Spicomellus had a bony collar with metre-long spikes, which is why its name means 'spiked collar'.1

7

The spikes on its body may have been used for defence, but scientists think they were also used for display, to attract mates or compete with rivals.12

E dirilwe ke AISetshwantsho sa Spicomellus se se dirilweng ke AI
Setshwantsho se se dirilweng ke AI sa kafa Spicomellus e ka tswang e ne e lebega ka gone, se dirilwe ke khomputara go ya ka se borasaense ba se itseng. Ke kakanyo fela: phologolo ya nnete e ka tswa e ne e lebega ka tsela e sele, mme ga go ope yo o itseng mebala ya yona ya nnete.
o botsitse

Dipotso tse di botswang thata ka ga Spicomellus

?How big was Spicomellus?

About 4 metres (13 feet) long, which is around the size of a small car.1

?What did Spicomellus eat?

It was an herbivore, meaning it ate plants.1

?Did Spicomellus have a tail club?

Scientists think so. It had a bony 'handle' in its tail that is only seen in ankylosaurs with a tail weapon, but the weapon itself has not been found yet.15

?Where did Spicomellus live?

It lived in what is now Morocco, Africa. Back then, the area was a wetland with lots of plants to eat.1

?When did Spicomellus live?

It lived during the Middle Jurassic Period, about 167 to 163 million years ago.1

?Was Spicomellus a dinosaur?

Yes, it was an armoured dinosaur called an ankylosaur.1

?How fast could Spicomellus run?

Nobody knows for sure. It walked on four legs and had a bulky body, so it probably moved slowly.1

Mothubi wa ditlhamane

Tlhamane: Some people think Spicomellus was a slow, simple plant-eater with no special tricks.

Boammaaruri: Actually, Spicomellus had unique armour and a possible tail weapon, and its spikes may have been used for showing off as well as protection.12

Ya baitseanape ba didino

Leina la saense
Spicomellus
Leina le neilwe ke
Maidment et al. 20216
Setlhopha
Didino tse di nang le thebe
Lelapa / clade
Ankylosauria6
Thulaganyo
Ornithischia > Ankylosauria > Thyreophora6
Bogolo jwa matlapa
168 go ya go 162 dimilione tsa dingwaga (Bathonian / Callovian)6
Dibopego tsa matlapa
El Mers III6
Dinaga
Moroko6
Direkoto tsa difosili
1 mo The Paleobiology Database6
Go fitlhelwa
Spicomellus was named by Maidment and colleagues in 2021, based on a partial skeleton from Morocco. The first fossil was a rib with spikes, and later more bones were found, including a bony collar.13
Go sa ntse go ganetsanwa
Scientists are still debating exactly how Spicomellus is related to other ankylosaurs, and whether its tail weapon was a club or just spikes.2

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Spicomellus | Natural History Museum (nhm.ac.uk)
  2. Extreme armour in the world’s oldest ankylosaur | Nature (nature.com)
  3. Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur | Nature Ecology & Evolution (nature.com)
  4. 'Jaw-droppingly weird' dinosaur from Morocco was studded with spikes | Reuters (reuters.com)
  5. Spicomellus (en.wikipedia.org)
  6. Spicomellus in The Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0): dingwaga, mafelo, dibopego tsa matlapa, thulaganyo.

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Tse dingwe tsa setlhopha se le sengwe: Didino tse di nang le thebe

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Le tsona ke tsa nako e le nngwe: Bogare jwa Jurassic

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