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Karata ya dino No. 1854 mo go 2 027

Ugrunaaluk

Leina le raya: “ancient grazer”1

E jele: DimelaMelomo-pidipidiBofelo jwa Cretaceous

Ugrunaaluk was a duck-billed dinosaur that lived in the ancient Arctic, where it was cold and dark for part of the year. It had a long, flat beak and hundreds of teeth for chewing tough plants. This dinosaur is special because it shows that some dinosaurs could survive in polar regions.5 1

E tshetse

dimilione tsa dingwaga di le 72 go ya go 66 tse di fetileng5

Bofelo jwa Cretaceous

Difosili di fitlhetswe kwa

Liscomb Quarry, Prince Creek Formation, northern Alaska, USA5 1

Boleele

9 go ya go 12 m (30 go ya go 39 ft)2 3

Bokete

ditone di le 4 go ya go ditone di le 5.6 (8,800 go ya go 12,300 lb)2 3

Bogodimo

3.9 m (13 ft)

kakanyo

Bonako jo bogolo

e ka nna 21 km/h (13 mph)

Go taboga, kakanyo

E tshetse leng?

Triassic

Jurassic

Cretaceous

dimilione tsa dingwaga di le 252 tse di fetileng20114566, asteroiti

E ne e le kgolo go le kae?

E ne e le telele go le kae?

E ne e le kwa godimo go le kae?

kakanyo

E ne e le bokete go le kae?

bokete jaaka dikoloi di le 4

telele jaaka dikoloi di le 2.5 di emisitswe mo molengtelele jaaka dibanana di le 67 di latelanae ka nna bokete jaaka tloubokete jaaka magapu a le 1100bokete jaaka diphaposiborutelo tse di tletseng bana di le 7bokete jaaka dibere tse ditshweu di le 12e ne e ka taboga dimetara di le 100 mo metsotswaneng e le 17 (motho yo o bonako go gaisa o tlhoka 9,6)

Ugrunaaluk e ne e le kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sebatling sa gago. Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E ne e le bonako go le kae?

Motho yo o tsamayang e ka nna 5 km/h (3 mph)

Ngwana mo baesekeleng e ka nna 12 km/h (7 mph)

Ugrunaaluk e ka nna 21 km/h (13 mph)

Pitse e e sianang ka bonako e ka nna 65 km/h (40 mph)

Lengau e ka nna 100 km/h (62 mph)

dilo tse di monate

Dintlha tse di monate

Ugrunaaluk lived in the Arctic about 69 million years ago, when the climate was much cooler than today, with average temperatures around 5 to 6°C.1

Most of the Ugrunaaluk fossils found are from young animals, not fully grown adults. Scientists think a whole herd of juveniles may have died together in a flood.1

Its name comes from the Iñupiaq language of Alaska. Ugruŋnaq means a grazing animal with grinding teeth, and -aluk means old, so Ugrunaaluk is 'ancient grazer'.1

Ugrunaaluk was a close relative of Edmontosaurus, but scientists found enough differences in its skull bones to give it its own name.1

The Liscomb bonebed where Ugrunaaluk was found has thousands of bones, mostly from this dinosaur, along with a few teeth from tyrannosaurs and other small dinosaurs.1

During the time of Ugrunaaluk, the Arctic had polar woodlands with flowering plants in the understory, and the days were dark for months in winter.1

Setshwantsho sa Ugrunaaluk se se dirilweng ke AI — Setshwantsho se se dirilweng ke AI sa kafa Ugrunaaluk e ka tswang e ne e lebega ka gone, se dirilwe ke khomputara go ya ka se borasaense ba se itseng. Ke kakanyo fela: phologolo ya nnete e ka tswa e ne e lebega ka tsela e sele, mme ga go ope yo o itseng mebala ya yona ya nnete.

o botsitse

Dipotso tse di botswang thata ka ga Ugrunaaluk

?How big was Ugrunaaluk?

Ugrunaaluk was about 7.6 to 9.1 meters (25 to 30 feet) long and stood about 1.8 to 2.1 meters (6 to 7 feet) tall at the hip.4

?What did Ugrunaaluk eat?

It was a plant-eater, with a flat beak and hundreds of teeth for chewing tough plants. Its jaw had at least 1,000 teeth with coarse surfaces perfect for pulverizing plants.4

?Did Ugrunaaluk live in the Arctic?

Yes, Ugrunaaluk lived in the ancient Arctic, above the Arctic Circle, about 69 million years ago. It endured cold and dark winters, with average temperatures around 5 to 6°C.4 1

?Was Ugrunaaluk a duck-billed dinosaur?

Yes, Ugrunaaluk belonged to the hadrosaur group of duck-billed dinosaurs. It had a long, flat beak and hundreds of teeth for chewing plants.4

?Why is Ugrunaaluk special?

Ugrunaaluk is special because it shows that some dinosaurs could survive in polar regions. It lived above the Arctic Circle, enduring months of darkness and cold.4

?How many teeth did Ugrunaaluk have?

Ugrunaaluk had at least 1,000 teeth in its jaw, with coarse surfaces perfect for pulverizing plants.4

?When did Ugrunaaluk live?

Ugrunaaluk lived about 69 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous period, in the ancient Arctic.4

?Is Ugrunaaluk related to Edmontosaurus?

Yes, Ugrunaaluk is closely related to Edmontosaurus, but scientists found enough differences in its skull bones to give it its own name.1

?Where was Ugrunaaluk found?

Ugrunaaluk fossils were found in the Liscomb bonebed in the Prince Creek Formation of northern Alaska, along the Colville River.1

Mothubi wa ditlhamane

Tlhamane: Ugrunaaluk is just a young Edmontosaurus and not a real separate dinosaur.

Boammaaruri: Scientists showed that Ugrunaaluk has unique skull features that make it a distinct species, even when accounting for age differences.1

Ya baitseanape ba didino

Leina la saense: Ugrunaaluk
Leina le neilwe ke: Mori et al. 20165
Setlhopha: Melomo-pidipidi
Lelapa / clade: Hadrosauridae5
Thulaganyo: Ornithischia > Ornithopoda > Iguanodontia > Hadrosauridae5
Bogolo jwa matlapa: 72 go ya go 66 dimilione tsa dingwaga (Maastrichtian)5
Dibopego tsa matlapa: Prince Creek5
Dinaga: Amerika5
Direkoto tsa difosili: 1 mo The Paleobiology Database5
Go fitlhelwa: Ugrunaaluk was named in 2016 by Hirotsugu Mori, Patrick Druckenmiller, and Gregory Erickson. The fossils were found in the Liscomb bonebed along the Colville River in northern Alaska.5 1
Go sa ntse go ganetsanwa: Scientists are not sure exactly how big adult Ugrunaaluk grew, because almost all the fossils are from juveniles.1

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

Formation (lower Maastrichtian) of northern Alaska (app.pan.pl)
Edmontosaurus (en.wikipedia.org)
Edmontosaurus regalis (en.wikipedia.org)
New Dinosaur Species Probably Endured Snow and Darkness for Months on End | NOVA | PBS (pbs.org)
Ugrunaaluk in The Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0): dingwaga, mafelo, dibopego tsa matlapa, thulaganyo.

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