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Khathune ya Spicomellus
Karete ya dinosaure No. 1698 ho tse 2 027

Spicomellus

Lebitso le bolela: “spiked collar”1
E jele: DimelaDidinosaure tse nang le sesireletsiJurasiki ya Bohareng

Spicomellus was an armoured dinosaur that walked on four legs and had a bulky body covered in spikes. It lived in Africa during the Middle Jurassic, about 167 to 163 million years ago, and was one of the earliest armoured dinosaurs ever found.1

E phetse
dilemo tse dimilione tse 168 ho isa ho 162 tse fetileng6
Jurasiki ya Bohareng
Difosili di fumanwe ho
Morocco, in the El Mers III Formation of the Middle Atlas Mountains16
Bolelele
3 ho isa ho 4 m (9.8 ho isa ho 13 ft)1
Boima
907 kg ho isa ho ditone tse 1.814 (2,000 ho isa ho 4,000 lb)4
Bophahamo
1.2 m (3.9 ft)
kakanyo
Lebelo le phahameng ka ho fetisisa
e ka bang 17 km/h (11 mph)
Ho matha, kakanyo

E phetse neng?

Triasiki
Jurasiki
Kretase
Dilemo tse dimilione tse 252 tse fetileng20114566, asteroiti

E ne e le kgolo hakae?

E ne e le telele hakae?

Spicomellus bolelele ba e ka bang 4 m (13 ft)Baesekele ya motho e moholo e ka bang 1.8 m (5.9 ft)Koloi e ka bang 4.5 m (15 ft)Tlou, phoofolo e kgolo ka ho fetisisa naheng kajeno e ka bang 6.5 m (21 ft)

E ne e phahame hakae?

Katse ya lapenge ka bang 0.3 m (1 ft)Ntjae ka bang 0.5 m (1.6 ft)Spicomellusbophahamo ba e ka bang 1.2 m (3.9 ft)Peree ka bang 1.6 m (5.2 ft)

kakanyo

E ne e le boima hakae?

boima jwaloka dikoloi tse 1
telele jwaloka dintja tse 4 ho tloha nkong ho isa mohatlengtelele jwaloka dibanana tse 22 di behilwe ka molaboima jwaloka dintja tse 91boima jwaloka mahapu a 360boima jwaloka bana ba kereshe ba 95boima jwaloka bana ba sekolo ba 57boima jwaloka dibere tse tshweu tse 4e ne e ka matha dimitara tse 100 ka metsotswana e 21 (motho ya lebelo ka ho fetisisa o hloka 9,6)

Spicomellus e ne e le kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ho browser ya hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E ne e le lebelo hakae?

dintho tse monate

Dintlha tse monate

1

Spicomellus is the first and only ankylosaur ever found in Africa, and it is also the oldest ankylosaur known to science.1

2

Unlike most armoured dinosaurs, Spicomellus had spikes that fused directly to its rib bones. No other animal, living or extinct, has this feature.13

3

Its spikes were probably covered in keratin, the same substance that makes up your hair and fingernails, which would have made them even longer.1

4

Spicomellus had a bony 'handle' in its tail, a feature only seen in ankylosaurs that had a tail weapon. This suggests it had a spiked tail club, even though the weapon itself hasn't been found yet.12

5

Scientists used to think that tail weapons in ankylosaurs evolved only in the Cretaceous Period, but Spicomellus lived much earlier, in the Middle Jurassic. This shows that these features are older than expected.12

6

Spicomellus had a bony collar with metre-long spikes, which is why its name means 'spiked collar'.1

7

The spikes on its body may have been used for defence, but scientists think they were also used for display, to attract mates or compete with rivals.12

E entswe ke AISetshwantsho sa Spicomellus se entsweng ke AI
Setshwantsho se entsweng ke AI, se bontshang kamoo Spicomellus e ka beng e ne e shebahala kateng, se entswe ke khomphutha ho ya ka seo bo-ramahlale ba se tsebang. Ke ho hakanya feela: phoofolo ya nnete e ka nna ya ba e ne e shebahala ka tsela e nngwe, mme ha ho motho ya tsebang mebala ya yona ya nnete.
o botsitse

Dipotso tse botswang haholo ka Spicomellus

?How big was Spicomellus?

About 4 metres (13 feet) long, which is around the size of a small car.1

?What did Spicomellus eat?

It was an herbivore, meaning it ate plants.1

?Did Spicomellus have a tail club?

Scientists think so. It had a bony 'handle' in its tail that is only seen in ankylosaurs with a tail weapon, but the weapon itself has not been found yet.15

?Where did Spicomellus live?

It lived in what is now Morocco, Africa. Back then, the area was a wetland with lots of plants to eat.1

?When did Spicomellus live?

It lived during the Middle Jurassic Period, about 167 to 163 million years ago.1

?Was Spicomellus a dinosaur?

Yes, it was an armoured dinosaur called an ankylosaur.1

?How fast could Spicomellus run?

Nobody knows for sure. It walked on four legs and had a bulky body, so it probably moved slowly.1

Mosenyi wa ditshomo

Tshomo: Some people think Spicomellus was a slow, simple plant-eater with no special tricks.

Nnete: Actually, Spicomellus had unique armour and a possible tail weapon, and its spikes may have been used for showing off as well as protection.12

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa didinosaure

Lebitso la saense
Spicomellus
E rehilwe ke
Maidment et al. 20216
Sehlopha
Didinosaure tse nang le sesireletsi
Lelapa / leloko
Ankylosauria6
Tlhophiso
Ornithischia > Ankylosauria > Thyreophora6
Dilemo tsa mafika
dilemo tse dimilione tse 168 ho isa ho 162 (Bathonian / Callovian)6
Dibopeho tsa mafika
El Mers III6
Dinaha
Moroko6
Direkoto tsa difosili
1 ho The Paleobiology Database6
Ho sibollwa
Spicomellus was named by Maidment and colleagues in 2021, based on a partial skeleton from Morocco. The first fossil was a rib with spikes, and later more bones were found, including a bony collar.13
E sa ntse e phehwa kgang
Scientists are still debating exactly how Spicomellus is related to other ankylosaurs, and whether its tail weapon was a club or just spikes.2

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Spicomellus | Natural History Museum (nhm.ac.uk)
  2. Extreme armour in the world’s oldest ankylosaur | Nature (nature.com)
  3. Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur | Nature Ecology & Evolution (nature.com)
  4. 'Jaw-droppingly weird' dinosaur from Morocco was studded with spikes | Reuters (reuters.com)
  5. Spicomellus (en.wikipedia.org)
  6. Spicomellus in The Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0): dilemo, dibaka, dibopeho tsa mafika, tlhophiso.

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