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Dunkleosteus

Igama lisho ukuthi: “ithambo lika-Dunkle”1

Udla: InyamaIzinganekwane zasenduloPaleozoic, ngaphambi kwama-dinosaurAkuyona i-dinosaur, kodwa inganekwane yasendulo

I-Dunkleosteus yayiyinhlanzi enkulu ehlomile eyayibhukuda olwandle eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingaba ngu-382 kuya ku-358 edlule. Yayinamapuleti amathambo aminyene ekhanda nangaphambili emzimbeni wayo, futhi yayingenye yezilwane ezizingelayo ezinkulu zokuqala olwandle. Yayingeyona idinaso, kodwa yayithusa kakhulu!1

Lona akuyena u-dino, kodwa ungomunye wezilwane ezidume kakhulu ezikhathini zasendulo, ngakho uthola indawo ku-Dino Wiki.

Yaphila

388 kuya ku-359 wezigidi zeminyaka edlule2

Paleozoic, ngaphambi kwama-dinosaur

Izinsalela ezitholwe e-

Izinsalela zitholakale e-United States (kuhlanganise ne-Ohio, i-California, ne-Michigan), eCanada (e-Ontario), nase-Latvia.1 2

Ubude

4.1 kuya ku-10 m (13 kuya ku-33 ft)1

Izilinganiso zohlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke, i-D. terrelli, zisuka ku-4.1 ziye ku-10 m, kodwa ubude obungaphezu kuka-4.5 m abunabo ubufakazi obuqinile.

Isisindo

1 wamathani kuya ku-4 wamathani (2,200 kuya ku-8,800 lb)1

Isivinini esiphezulu

cishe 25 km/h (16 mph)

Ukubhukuda, isilinganiso

Wayedlani u-Dunkleosteus?

Wayedla inyamazane enezikhali efana nama-ammonite nezinye izinhlanzi zohlobo lwama-placoderm, futhi wayekwazi nokubamba izinhlanzi ezibhukuda ngokushesha ezifana ne-Orodus. Izinsalela zibonisa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi wayekhipha amathambo esidlo sakhe sokugcina.

Yaphila nini?

Ngaphambi kwama-dinosaur

Inkathi yama-dinosaur

Inkathi yezilwane ezincelisayo

Izigidi ezingama-400 eminyakeni edlule25266namuhla

Yayinkulu kangakanani?

Yayinde kangakanani?

Yayisinda kangakanani?

isinda njengezimoto ezi-2.5

inde njengezimoto ezi-2 ezimile emgqeniinde njengobhanana abangu-56 belandelanaisinda njengezinja ezi-200isinda njengamakhabe angu-800isinda njengamakilasi esikole aphelele ezingane ezi-5isinda njengamabhere ase-polar angu-9ingabhukuda ubude bechibi elikhulu (50 m) ngemizuzwana engu-7.2

Yayinkulu kangakanani i-Dunkleosteus uma uqhathaniswa NAWE?

Izibalo nje kusiphequluli sakho. Akukho okugcinwayo noma okuthunyelwa ndawo.

Yayishesha kangakanani?

Umuntu ohambayo cishe 5 km/h (3 mph)

Ingane esebhayisikilini cishe 12 km/h (7 mph)

Dunkleosteus cishe 25 km/h (16 mph)

Ihhashi eligijimayo cishe 65 km/h (40 mph)

Ingwe cishe 100 km/h (62 mph)

izinto ezinhle

Amaqiniso amnandi

I-Dunkleosteus yayinohlelo lokuxhuma ekhanda olwaluyivumela ukuba ivule imihlathi yayo ngemizuzwana engu-20, ngokushesha njengokucwayiza kwamehlo!1

Amandla ayo okuluma alinganiselwa kuma-newton ayi-7,495, okungaphakathi kwawona anamandla kakhulu kunoma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezake zaphila.1

Esikhundleni samazinyo, i-Dunkleosteus yayinamapuleti emathambo abukhali njengommese emihlathini yayo ayekwazi ukusika inyamazane enezikhali.1

Izinsalela ze-Dunkleosteus zivame ukutholakala nezinsalela zamathambo ezinhlanzi, okuyizinsalela zokudla kwayo okwakungagayekanga.1

Amapuleti ezikhali ekhanda layo nasemzimbeni wangaphambili ayefika ku-7.6 cm ubukhulu kwezinye izindawo, kodwa ayencane kwezinye.1

I-Dunkleosteus kungenzeka ukuthi wayeyinhlanzi ebhukuda ngokushesha, hhayi kancane njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili, ngoba wayekwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi ezisheshayo ezifana ne-Orodus.1

Isithombe sika-Dunkleosteus esenziwe nge-AI sokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi wayebukeka kanjani, senziwe yikhompyutha ngokusekelwe kulokho okwaziwa ososayensi. Lokhu kuwukuqagela: isilwane sangempela kungenzeka ukuthi sasibukeka ngokuhlukile, futhi akekho owazi imibala yaso yangempela.

ubuzile

Imibuzo ebuzwa kakhulu mayelana no-Dunkleosteus

?Wayemkhulu kangakanani u-Dunkleosteus?

Uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke olwaziwayo, i-Dunkleosteus terrelli, kungenzeka ukuthi lwalungamamitha angu-3.4 ubude kubantu abadala abavamile, futhi lufike kumamitha angu-4.1 kubantu abakhulu ngokungajwayelekile. Ezinye izilinganiso zakudala zazinkulu kakhulu, kodwa izifundo zakamuva ziphakamisa lezi zilinganiso ezincane.1

?Ingabe u-Dunkleosteus wayenamazinyo?

Cha, esikhundleni samazinyo wayenamapuleti amathambo abukhali afana nemimese ezihlathini zakhe ayekwazi ukusika inyamazane enezikhali. Lawa mapuleti ayezilola wona ngokwawo njengoba le nhlanzi ivula futhi ivale umlomo wayo.1 3

?Wayedlani u-Dunkleosteus?

?Wayekwazi ukuwuvula ngokushesha kangakanani umlomo wakhe u-Dunkleosteus?

Wayekwazi ukuvula izihlathi zakhe ngemizuzwana engu-20 nje kuphela futhi aqede ukuluma ngemizuzwana engu-50 kuya ku-60, okushesha njengokucwayiza kwamehlo. Lokhu kwamsiza ukuba abambe inyamazane esheshayo.4

?Ingabe u-Dunkleosteus wayeyidinosaur?

Cha, wayeyinhlanzi enkulu enezikhali eyayihlala olwandle ngesikhathi se-Devonian Period, kudala ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ama-dinosaur. Wayeyingxenye yeqembu elibizwa ngama-placoderm.1

?Wayenamandla kangakanani ukuluma kuka-Dunkleosteus?

Amandla ayo okuluma alinganiselwa kuma-newton ayi-7,495, okungaphakathi kwawona anamandla kakhulu kunoma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezake zaphila. Lokhu kunamandla okubhoboza izikhumba eziqinile.1 4

?Izinsalela zika-Dunkleosteus zitholakale kuphi?

Izinsalela zitholakale e-United States, e-Canada, e-Poland, e-Belgium, e-Morocco, nase-Russia. Iqoqo elikhulu kunazo zonke lise-Cleveland Museum of Natural History e-Ohio.1

?U-Dunkleosteus waphila nini?

Waphila ngesikhathi se-Late Devonian Period, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-382 kuya ku-358 edlule. Lokho kungaphambi kokuba kuvele ama-dinosaur okuqala.1

?Ingabe u-Dunkleosteus wayekwazi ukubhukuda ngokushesha?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi wayeyinhlanzi ebhukuda ngokushesha, hhayi kancane njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili. Wayekwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi ezibhukuda ngokushesha ezifana ne-Orodus, okusikisela ukuthi wayeshesha.1

?Kungani u-Dunkleosteus ayenezikhali?

Amapuleti akhe amathambo awugqinsi ekhanda nasemzimbeni wangaphambili amvikela kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi amsiza ukuzingela inyamazane enezikhali. Amapuleti ayewugqinsi ofika ku-7.6 cm kwezinye izindawo.1

Buza u-Rex ngo-Dunkleosteus

Rex uphendula imibuzo mayelana naleli khasi kuphela. Imibuzo engu-10 ngenyanga.

Rex uyi-AI futhi angenza amaphutha. Usebenza kumaseva ase-EU futhi imibuzo ayilokothi ilondolozwe. Ungalokothi uthayiphe igama lakho noma ezinye izinto zakho.

Umchithi wezinganekwane

Inganekwane: I-Dunkleosteus yayiyidinosaur.

Iqiniso: I-Dunkleosteus yayingeyona idinosaur. Yayiyinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi i-arthrodire placoderm, futhi yayiphila kudala ngaphambi kwama-dinosaur okuqala.1

Ochwepheshe bama-dino

Igama lesayensi: Dunkleosteus
Iqanjwe ngu: Newberry 18745
Iqembu: Izinganekwane zasendulo
Umndeni / i-clade: Dunkleosteidae5
Ukuhlukaniswa: Placodermi > Phlyctaeniiformes > Dunkleosteidae5
Inkathi yamadwala: 388 kuya ku-359 wezigidi zeminyaka (Givetian / Famennian)5
Izakhiwo zamatshe: Ohio Shale, Lost Burro, Tērvete5
Amazwe: USA, Latvia, I-Canada5
Izinsalela ezitholiwe: 7 ku-Paleobiology Database5
Ukutholakala: Izinsalela zokuqala zatholakala ngo-1867 ngu-Jay Terrell, umcwaningi wezinsalela ozithandayo, eduze kweChibi i-Erie e-Ohio, e-USA. Uhlobo lwaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Dunkleosteus terrelli ngo-1956, kuhlonishwa u-David Dunkle no-Jay Terrell.1
Kusaphikiswana ngakho: Ososayensi basaphikisana ngokuthi i-Dunkleosteus yayidla kanjani. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi yayisebenzisa ukumunca ukuze igwinye inyamazane, kodwa ucwaningo lwango-2025 luphakamisa ukuthi yayiluma futhi idabule inyamazane, nokuthi izilinganiso zamandla ayo okuluma kungenzeka zidinga ukubuyekezwa.1

Lapho amaqiniso evela khona

Dunkleosteus (en.wikipedia.org)
PBDB Taxon (paleobiodb.org)
Meet Dunk: Ohio’s Ancient Apex Predator (cmnh.org)
Feeding mechanics and bite force modelling of the skull of Dunkleosteus terrelli , an ancient apex predator (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Dunkleosteus in The Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0): iminyaka, izindawo, izakhiwo zamadwala, ukuhlukaniswa.

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