Achelousaurus
Achelousaurus was a horned dinosaur that lived in North America about 77 to 74 million years ago. It had a big bony frill on its head and two long spikes pointing out from the back of its skull. Instead of sharp horns above its eyes, it had rough, bumpy bosses like a bison.1
When did it live?
How big was it?
How long was it?
How heavy was it?
How big was Achelousaurus compared to YOU?
Just maths in your browser. Nothing is saved or sent anywhere.
Fun facts
Achelousaurus is named after the Greek river god Achelous, who could change shape. This name was chosen because the dinosaur has features that seem to be halfway between two other horned dinosaurs, Einiosaurus and Pachyrhinosaurus.1
Adult Achelousaurus had rough, bumpy bosses on their snout and above their eyes instead of the long horns seen in many other horned dinosaurs. These bosses were covered in a thick layer of keratin, the same stuff our fingernails are made of.1
Its skull was about 1.62 metres (5.3 feet) long, which is as long as a tall adult human is tall.1
Achelousaurus lived on an island continent called Laramidia, which was the western part of North America during the Late Cretaceous. The climate was warm and seasonal, with a long dry season.1
The first fossils of Achelousaurus were discovered in 1987 by a team led by famous paleontologist Jack Horner, after he lost access to another fossil site.1
Scientists think Achelousaurus may have used its head bosses for fighting, like bison do today, butting heads with rivals.1
Achelousaurus had a dental battery with 25 to 28 tooth positions in each upper jaw bone. New teeth grew below old ones, so it always had fresh teeth for chewing tough plants.1

Most asked questions about Achelousaurus
?How big was Achelousaurus?
About 6 metres (20 feet) long and weighed around 3 tonnes (3.3 short tons). Its skull alone was 1.62 metres (5.3 feet) long.13
?What did Achelousaurus eat?
It was a herbivore, eating tough plants. It had a dental battery with hundreds of teeth that were replaced as they wore down.1
?Did Achelousaurus have horns?
Instead of sharp horns above its eyes, adult Achelousaurus had rough, bumpy bosses covered in keratin. It did have two long spikes on the back of its frill.13
?When did Achelousaurus live?
It lived during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 77 to 74 million years ago.1
?Where was Achelousaurus found?
Fossils have been found in Montana, USA, in the Two Medicine Formation. It lived on the island continent of Laramidia.13
?Is Achelousaurus a dinosaur?
Yes, it is a centrosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur, a type of horned dinosaur.1
?Why is it called Achelousaurus?
It is named after Achelous, a Greek river god who could change shape, because this dinosaur has features that seem halfway between two other horned dinosaurs.14
?Could Achelousaurus fight with its head?
Scientists think the rough bosses on its head might have been used for butting fights, like bison do today, as well as for display.1

Ask Rex about Achelousaurus
Rex only answers questions about this page. 3 questions a day.
Rex is an AI and can make mistakes. He runs on servers in the EU and questions are never saved. Never type your name or other personal things.
Myth buster
Myth: Achelousaurus is often thought to be a direct ancestor of Pachyrhinosaurus.
Truth: Scientists debate this. Some think Achelousaurus and Pachyrhinosaurus are close cousins in a group called Pachyrhinosaurini, not a direct ancestor-descendant pair.1
For dino experts
- Scientific name
- Achelousaurus
- Named by
- Sampson 19945
- Group
- Horned dinos
- Family / clade
- Ceratopsidae5
- Classification
- Ornithischia > Ceratopsia > Ceratopsidae5
- Age of the rocks
- 84 to 72 million years (Campanian)5
- Rock formations
- Two Medicine5
- Countries
- USA5
- Fossil records
- 2 in the Paleobiology Database5
- Discovery
- Achelousaurus was named by Scott D. Sampson in 1994. The first fossils were found in Montana in 1987 by a team led by Jack Horner. The species name horneri honors Horner.1
- Still debated
- Scientists are still unsure exactly what the bosses on the head looked like in life, because the keratin covering has not been preserved.1
Where the facts come from
- Achelousaurus (en.wikipedia.org)
- Achelousaurus | Natural History Museum (nhm.ac.uk)
- Achelousaurus horneri | AMNH (amnh.org)
- Achelousaurus (britannica.com)
- Achelousaurus in The Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0): age, places, rock formations, classification.
Every fact on this page has a number that points to its source. If we got something wrong, sorry, we are dino fans, not a science journal. Tell us at [email protected] and we will fix it.
Rex is hungry! Dino Wiki is a dad's project for his dino-loving son, free with no ads. Grown-ups can feed Rex a snack to help keep it online.Feed Rex