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Achelousaurus

Say it: a-KEE-loh-SORE-us
Name means: “Achelous lizard, after the Greek river god Achelous who could change shape”1
Ate: PlantsHorned dinosLate Cretaceous

Achelousaurus was a horned dinosaur that lived in North America about 77 to 74 million years ago. It had a big bony frill on its head and two long spikes pointing out from the back of its skull. Instead of sharp horns above its eyes, it had rough, bumpy bosses like a bison.1

Lived
84 to 72 million years ago5
Late Cretaceous
Fossils found in
Montana, USA15
Food
Plants15
Length
6 m12
Weight
3 tonnes1

When did it live?

Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
252 million years ago20114566, the asteroid

How big was it?

How long was it?

Achelousaurus about 6 m longA bicycle about 1.8 mA car about 4.5 mAn elephant, the biggest land animal today about 6.5 mA house about 10 m

How heavy was it?

as heavy as 2 cars
as long as 6 dogs nose to tailas long as 33 bananas end to endas heavy as 100 big dogsas heavy as 600 watermelons

How big was Achelousaurus compared to YOU?

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cool stuff

Fun facts

1

Achelousaurus is named after the Greek river god Achelous, who could change shape. This name was chosen because the dinosaur has features that seem to be halfway between two other horned dinosaurs, Einiosaurus and Pachyrhinosaurus.1

2

Adult Achelousaurus had rough, bumpy bosses on their snout and above their eyes instead of the long horns seen in many other horned dinosaurs. These bosses were covered in a thick layer of keratin, the same stuff our fingernails are made of.1

3

Its skull was about 1.62 metres (5.3 feet) long, which is as long as a tall adult human is tall.1

4

Achelousaurus lived on an island continent called Laramidia, which was the western part of North America during the Late Cretaceous. The climate was warm and seasonal, with a long dry season.1

5

The first fossils of Achelousaurus were discovered in 1987 by a team led by famous paleontologist Jack Horner, after he lost access to another fossil site.1

6

Scientists think Achelousaurus may have used its head bosses for fighting, like bison do today, butting heads with rivals.1

7

Achelousaurus had a dental battery with 25 to 28 tooth positions in each upper jaw bone. New teeth grew below old ones, so it always had fresh teeth for chewing tough plants.1

AI-madeAI-made picture of Achelousaurus
An AI-made picture of how Achelousaurus might have looked, made by a computer from what scientists know. It is a guess: the real animal may have looked different, and nobody knows its true colours.
you asked

Most asked questions about Achelousaurus

?How big was Achelousaurus?

About 6 metres (20 feet) long and weighed around 3 tonnes (3.3 short tons). Its skull alone was 1.62 metres (5.3 feet) long.13

?What did Achelousaurus eat?

It was a herbivore, eating tough plants. It had a dental battery with hundreds of teeth that were replaced as they wore down.1

?Did Achelousaurus have horns?

Instead of sharp horns above its eyes, adult Achelousaurus had rough, bumpy bosses covered in keratin. It did have two long spikes on the back of its frill.13

?When did Achelousaurus live?

It lived during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 77 to 74 million years ago.1

?Where was Achelousaurus found?

Fossils have been found in Montana, USA, in the Two Medicine Formation. It lived on the island continent of Laramidia.13

?Is Achelousaurus a dinosaur?

Yes, it is a centrosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur, a type of horned dinosaur.1

?Why is it called Achelousaurus?

It is named after Achelous, a Greek river god who could change shape, because this dinosaur has features that seem halfway between two other horned dinosaurs.14

?Could Achelousaurus fight with its head?

Scientists think the rough bosses on its head might have been used for butting fights, like bison do today, as well as for display.1

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Myth buster

Myth: Achelousaurus is often thought to be a direct ancestor of Pachyrhinosaurus.

Truth: Scientists debate this. Some think Achelousaurus and Pachyrhinosaurus are close cousins in a group called Pachyrhinosaurini, not a direct ancestor-descendant pair.1

For dino experts

Scientific name
Achelousaurus
Named by
Sampson 19945
Group
Horned dinos
Family / clade
Ceratopsidae5
Classification
Ornithischia > Ceratopsia > Ceratopsidae5
Age of the rocks
84 to 72 million years (Campanian)5
Rock formations
Two Medicine5
Countries
USA5
Fossil records
2 in the Paleobiology Database5
Discovery
Achelousaurus was named by Scott D. Sampson in 1994. The first fossils were found in Montana in 1987 by a team led by Jack Horner. The species name horneri honors Horner.1
Still debated
Scientists are still unsure exactly what the bosses on the head looked like in life, because the keratin covering has not been preserved.1

Where the facts come from

  1. Achelousaurus (en.wikipedia.org)
  2. Achelousaurus | Natural History Museum (nhm.ac.uk)
  3. Achelousaurus horneri | AMNH (amnh.org)
  4. Achelousaurus (britannica.com)
  5. Achelousaurus in The Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0): age, places, rock formations, classification.

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Also from the same time: Late Cretaceous

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